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Mar. 31st, 2006

interview report

Another mundane day in the workplace was over and I was heading back to the comforts of my home when something so ordinary- yet it did not appear to be so at the moment- caught my attention. Do jeepney drivers rest at all?

I never had the intention of making a jeepney driver the subject of my paper. Jeepney drivers were not interesting to me at all, well, that was until yesterday when I rode one of those not-so-new “king of the road.” I was seated on the front seat, in between the driver and another passenger who happened to be a jeepney driver also. It was not easy to ignore the conversation they shared and so, for lack of better things to do (since when on a jeepney ride I either imagine things and try to make up the fragments of a story which I will be writing later on- which was impossible to do because of the conversation they had, or read a magazine or book- but it was night time so again I just had to brush off the idea aside), I sat still and listened to the both of them.

The observer in me was quick to note how the drivers related to each other. It was natural. Though when asked later on, after the passenger driver went off the jeepney, if the driver knew the other man, he was not quite sure of his name and simply replied that they met only on occasions, and occasions would refer to the few times a year the organization would call a meeting upon its members to discuss issues relating to public utility vehicle services. Occasions would also refer to the few times in a day they would stop, side by side each other’s jeepney, when the traffic lights turned red. That was when they compared notes of the day’s passenger rate, the rising gasoline prices, fellow drivers who were caught and given driving charges. Yesterday’s meeting was not so regular, he added, but such encounter happens twice or thrice in a week. It’s either another driver asks for a lift while on his way to getting the vehicle from the owner’s place, or he-the driver- asks for a lift on his way to renting the vehicle for the day.

The conversation centered on whether the driver had already made good money for the day. The driver on the passenger side explained that he was already on his way home and had only about a hundred as gain for the 10-hour job he did in the road. It was a striking revelation. It was indeed a poor comparison to the 8-hour job I spend in the office and I gain about a few times more than him. It was late for me to stop myself from blurting out how I felt. I knew it was a mistake. The man beside me smiled. I can not distinguish whether it was actually a smirk or some form of resignation to the plight of drivers in general.

Silence fell for some time. It was brief. But it was deafening.

When the man spoke again he had the tone of that peaceful countenance that you could only hear from one who has succumbed to his fate, this mere acceptance of the situation he was in that made him all the more susceptible to the unvoiced angst that were kept inside for a long period of time. It has numbed him from all the elements that were deterrent to his living a good life. He shared how a back-breaking, unfulfilling profession could be his only hope for survival.

For one who has not finished high school, driving was the only thing he knew to do. The man in the wheel nodded as he added that he is holding on to being a driver to send his children to school. We were stuck in that part of Magallanes Street, just near the Magallanes Elementary School. A boy of about 10 years old jumped in the rear part of the vehicle. It turned out to be the driver’s son. The man explained that it is one way of saving money for them.

The conversation returned to boundary and extra cash after the boy rode. The subject came after the boy asked for an extra peso to buy for a piece of bread. He got the amount from an irate father. “How could a boy so small eat so much?” was the father’s sigh. I chuckled.

During that brief encounter with the two drivers, much was talked about and I learned more by merely listening and allowing the free flow of conversation to pour in, as if water on a smooth surface cascading slowly to give its utmost effect for the onlookers. The short time spent with them allowed this humble listener to live the life they’ve been living, even if only through their stories. How they managed to get by with just a few pesos for a day’s work was something new to me.

The man beside me, the passenger-driver, asked for the driver to swerve to the curb. He was coming down already. He thanked the driver and went on his way. The man on the wheel continued that his friend was the kind who could not go on night trips since he was more of the kaskasero type, and so the loose night traffic would not suit the man. As compared to him, the driver, he preferred driving at night, starting at 5:00 in the afternoon when most students and employees are on their way home, up until the wee hours. This way he was able to watch their little sari-sari stall, together with his wife, located just around the premises of a neighboring school.

My way home was almost always uneventful. However, that fateful night, a Monday, some things just came to my senses, just the usual things I usually brush off. I was thankful for that one moment when a topic just dawned on me. Who knows, I might be doing some really good stuff on communication among drivers in my next paper.

(*since i never intended to write about this encounter for a paper, some details- such as the drivers' name, where they live, etc., were overlooked. however, i do know both of them drive Route 11 jeepneys.)

Mar. 29th, 2006

problem/solution essay

For the technology-lover who has a not-so-thick wallet, there are several solutions to owning some real good technologies. Let’s face it. While everyone wants to have his/her personal desktop, the lucrative prices of commodities today hinder an individual to owning one as easily as he wanted.

Unlike other countries in Asia where computers- laptops even, are common items in almost every home, in the Philippines owning one would entail months of saving and cost-cutting in a few basic necessities. To own a computer is still a dream to some, and actually owning it is an endeavor.

For those who want to have their own computer set but are reluctant to shed a few more thousand pesos than the price of the cheapest set in the market, here are a few tips to owning your own desktop with really good specifications at a lower price.

First and foremost, ask yourself this basic question: “How will I use my computer?” Your use of the equipment may help you in identifying specifications that would suit you best. For example, if you are sure to save many programs and files in your computer then you need one that has high memory. Buying a 512 MB memory is cheaper than buying 128 MB today and an additional 256 MB later. For the computer games addict, higher memory is also needed. On the other hand, if one is only to use basic computer applications, then a 128 MB would suffice for his needs.

Next is to canvass. Upon identifying your needs, dial big and small computer stores listed in your directory. Remember to keep a record. This will help you later in making choices.

Another is to call a friend who is more knowledgeable in computer hardware and software than you. One who knows how to assemble the gadget surely knows how to break them into parts. Here you get a really good catch. Ask your friend to list down those computer parts that make up the CPU. Consult your needs with your friend. From this point, you can arrange the computer specifications that would suit you best.

Having it assembled would yield you greater savings. Computer parts are sold cheaper than buying the whole set. Of course, canvass and compare notes before buying those parts. After assembling your unit, request your friend to walk an extra mile and ask him/her to install programs in your unit. Of course that is piracy. However, owning a license also means taking out what little amount you have left in your purse, so while you can’t afford the licensed product yet, go for free stuffs. Just remember to get the real and licensed programs later when you’ve earned enough cash.

Of course you have to serve him/her a sumptuous meal too to wrap things up. But it’s okay. You’ve saved far bigger than you have spent treating him/her to a hearty meal. Believe me, this was what I did, and thanks to three real good friends, I have the best computer unit in town. And to think I only paid just about half of the price of those computer sets displayed in the market!


(to juan, bobong, and barbs, hehehe, there'll be lots of noodles for the three of you. oh yeah, don't forget to install the other games, and hey, update my virus scan!)

Mar. 27th, 2006

compiled report

The electronic board discussion, used as a tool for the delivery of instruction and education, is actually dependent on the Internet. There are already a number of research studies in relation to the use of the Internet as an education tool. Studies with regard to the strengths and weaknesses of the use of the Internet show a number of points that are necessary to digest if an institution is into this kind of education delivery.

Advantages of using the Internet include its ability to arouse the interest of students, the ease of communication among teachers for sharing ideas, the availability of new resources, and the potential to develop new relationships all over the world (Pool et al. 1995). The Internet also offers the possibility of interaction with experts (P. McCorkle, Internet Message, July 18, 1995).

However, there are problems such as making sure that the technology is used in educationally appropriate ways. Too often people worry more about the accessibility of the Internet to all students than about using it effectively in their classrooms (Maddux 1994). Other problems include antiquated hardware and software, lack of technical and curriculum support, lack of coherent structure, stability, and documentation, lack of training, censorship, and quality control (Murphy 1995). Effective use of the Internet is also dependent on the teachers’ technological skills (Peha, 1995) as well as their ability to cope to new models of teaching and learning (Follansbee et al., 1996).

While the use of the Internet can change teachers’ attitudes towards the computer as an instructional tool and can encourage them to restructure their classes, continued and effective use requires ongoing training, technical support, home access, and time to learn how to incorporate it into teaching (Gallo & Horton, 1994; Honey & McMillan, 1993).

“The information explosion dictates the need for faster and better thinkers to scan, digest, assess, and act upon a bewildering bombardment of facts (di Sessa, 1988). Every day something new can be learned; thus, something new could be taught (Alexander & Knight, 1993). According to Woronov (1994), computers themselves do not automatically change the nature of teaching and learning. Seemingly, the ways that teachers integrate computer learning with classroom instruction through energy and creativity appear to be the catalysts that create fertile, thriving, learning environments (Gates, 1995)” http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue4_3/hamza/.

Mar. 24th, 2006

essay of evaluation

Getting Through Noringai’s Kwentong Jelly Beans:
The Human Side of It That Makes Readers Want To Read the Article All Over Again
(http://motorcyclephilippines.com/forums/printthread.php?t=22093)
(http://www.peyups.com/article.khtml?sid=3584)


A member of the peyups.com community or a regular visitor of the site would always know who Noringai is. No, not really know about her personally. But there is so much into this girl’s writings that readers would have a picture of her at the back of his/her mind.

Noringai was once a columnist of peyups.com. I have no idea why she quit from submitting articles but about two years ago my day was incomplete if I were not able to browse the latest addition in the website’s assortment of articles ranging from topics concerning UP experiences to film reviews to politics to just about anything under the sun. Articles about love and family also are abundant in this site. And Noringai either had another article posted or she was one of those who engaged in the exchange of comments and opinions.

One of her best article was titled “Kwentong Jelly Beans” and due to the readers’ fascination over her expert maneuverings in presenting what is so human yet so unexplainable an experience for which she used jelly beans, another article of the same motif titled “Isa pang Kwentong Jelly Beans” came up.

Noringai was successful in her choice of imagery to represent how people get so fixated over things that have long past. What makes her writings appealing was her subtle presentation of man’s holding on to a thing that has never or has ceased to exist. Her numbness over chocolate pudding jelly beans has hindered her from appreciating the other flavors that come in the same jar. Instead of savoring the different flavors that come in different colors, instead of experiencing that unique encounter with the different smell, taste, and effect of the goodies, she has spent her time looking for that one evasive flavor.

How the writer was able to present one ridiculous reality in life in its simplest form is a wonder to many writers. The article humbles the readers in a way that we see ourselves in her shoes. We identify with the writer because in one way or another we are reluctant to give up on something or someone. Sometimes, it is not the act of letting go that is hard to do. It is the act of shifting our focus that binds us into something or someone that is no longer there.

The article was light. But the topic was heavy and something to ponder about. Noringai again did a good job.

Mar. 22nd, 2006

observation report2

Just when I was nearing desperation, the mental block I was experiencing for almost a fortnight had its sudden medication, thanks to a TV program I don’t usually have the luxury of time to watch. This particular Sunday, 19th of March, I took time to simply lie in bed and watch Y Speak! a regular Sunday program aired on prime time in Studio 23. Just as I had seen intellectual debates every Y Speak! episode I watched before, I did have another good time listening to the issue that was at hand last Sunday. However, it fell short from my expectations. It lacked its usual flavor and I had that nagging feeling that the program has reached its point of vacuity.

Bianca was still a resident of the Pinoy Big Brother house so that Donita Rose had to fill in her shoes as partner to Ryan Agoncillo. Donita and Ryan were a good match to each other since both hosts were adept in English, but Ryan was more fluent in the Filipino language such that the task of moderating the debate rested more heavily on his ability to shift languages for the benefit of the audience and the viewers.

The topic was appropriate for the time of year when the country would release in its reign the thousands of graduates ready to take on its part in the labor force. The topic was whether or not graduates should wait for the job in line with their course or that they grab whatever is made available in the labor arena.

Y Speak! presented data on the number of graduating students in the elementary, secondary and college levels as per record from the Department of Labor and Employment. They also gathered statistics from the Ibon Foundation on the choice of course of students. The result was widely distributed between interest, employment demand in the country and abroad.

For guests the program invited Mr. RJ Ledesma, a Real-Estate Developer at the same time Editor-in-Chief of Manual Magazine; Mr. Kim Atienza, a graduate of Liberal Arts; a certain Thea who was a graduating student of Miriam College; and Wincess who was also a graduating student of De La Salle University. Mr. Kim Atienza and Thea opined yes, graduates of today should grab opportunities that come their way on the basis that a number of graduates as well as those who graduated before them are still on the look out for employment, thus making it a relatively close competition as to who gets a piece, and not as to who gets the better shaped piece of the employment pie. On the other hand Mr. RJ Ledesma and Wincess were opposed to the concept saying they would rather wait for suitable jobs related to the courses they finished because they had to think of their long-term goal, which is to apply what they have learned from the academe.

As I have observed, the data presented were insufficient in that it did not establish reasons as to why or why not the graduates should engage in jobs related or not related to the courses they finished. In fact, the guests came unprepared as well. They engaged in the debate with only their personal opinions as weapons. I think they could have done better had they gotten statistics from the Department of Labor and Employment and the Ibon Foundation on the percentage of graduates for the last few years as compared to the number of them who had gotten themselves a job. It would have been best if they had conducted survey on whether or not graduates had their dream job, or well at least a job related to their course, to support their stand.

Another thing I have observed was the absence of social and economic situationer. None of the guests stressed on the social and economic realities that the country is facing today. But then again, lack for statistical documents and data to support claim would be a big no-no on a debate. Though the crowd agreed with Kim and Thea that opportunities are hard to come by these days thus they should be picked upon sighting them, they both failed to mention the cruel reality often faced by employment seekers. On the other hand, RJ and Wincess mentioned passion and educational attainment as grounds for choosing a job and not just picking what is available.

I think the audience was one in their opinion that they should not be so choosy once they enter the labor force. Their reasons were more practical. One of them reasoned that as long he is able to put bread and butter on the table then passion would not be of much importance. Another shared that the reason why he went to school was to find a job right after graduation and that pride would not hinder him from helping the family should a post not related to his course would come.

On the contrary, students they interviewed from one school (and I guess they were Ateneo de Manila University students since some of them mentioned ADMU and the background location was the same for all of them) claimed that it is important for one to work in line with his course to give meaning to the four-year or so that they spent in school.

In my observation the youth were not really represented since the guests were from private schools. It would have been better had they invited students and graduates from the state universities for surely they may have other views, far more on the intellectual level and not just simply based on personal situations and opinions. Had they done so, then the one hour discussion in Y Speak! last Sunday would have been more lively and grounded with social and economic significance.


DCM 16
8:31-9:49 pm
March 19, 2006

Mar. 20th, 2006

position paper

PROCLAMATION 1017:
An Act to Legalize Suppression of People’s Freedoms


Even before the Garcillano Tape issue blew up, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, the duly-elected president of the Republic of the Philippines, has been experiencing problems with regard to her declining popularity. Demonstrations, which is considered part of the Filipino people’s freedom of expression in politics, has been a common scenario in a massive clamor for her resignation.

On February 24, 2006 Arroyo called for a State of National Emergency citing among the justifications for such move tactical alliance of the elements in the political opposition with the extreme Right- as represented by military adventurists, and the extreme Left- as represented by the CPP-NPA-NDF, both considered to be the enemies of the democratic Philippine State (http://news.inq7.net//breaking/index.php?=1&story_id=67303). Arroyo was proud and upright when, in a nation-wide coverage of her declaration, she claimed to have incapacitated a coup d'état attempt by the enemies of the duly constituted Government in May of 2004.

She added, in her Proclamation 1017, that certain segments of the national media magnified the claims of these elements thereby sabotaging the people’s confidence in Government. Such acts, according to the proclamation, obstruct governance and hinder the growth of the economy.

Article 2, section 4 of the Constitution states that the primary duty of the Government is to defend and preserve the democratic institutions and the State thus, by virtue of Section 18, Article 7 of the same constitution, Arroyo called out for a State of National Emergency a few days before the commemoration of the People Power 1, a historical event that overthrew the regime of the late Marcos.

A State of National Emergency grants the president of the Republic of the Philippines and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines the capacity to promulgate decrees and regulations beyond the usual limits to prevent or suppress all forms of lawless violence, insurrection, rebellion to maintain law and order.

Proclamation 1017 only angered the Filipino people more when, in the midst of demonstrations and commemorations, they were thwarted out by elements of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. Again, the Filipino people are a divided people, and a remake of the dictatorship regime was foreseen by many.

By virtue of the said proclamation the elements of the Government created a crackdown on media institutions, charging them of magnifying issues and causing national unrest in effect. Even in the ranks of the military, they have also experienced Arroyo’s distrust in everything and everyone as they changed officials for ambiguous accusations and not proven reasons.

In my own view the president has over-acted and over-employed her powers, especially when the people no longer trust her and are already calling for her exit. The irony is that, while Arroyo claims to be protecting the Government from the enemies of the state, she herself is considered to be the people’s enemy.

The coup d'état plot may have been just a ghost of her own lack of confidence in the situation. It may be just a ploy for her to call on a State of National Emergency to control the people from flooding the streets on the occasion of the anniversary of People Power 1.

Such lack of confidence is the effect of one who has committed a crime against the people herself.

Mar. 18th, 2006

personal research paper

(This paper was written after a brief encounter with a college pal who relayed the news that our common friend, Joshua, passed the recent bar exam. It’s a happy day indeed. Josh was a year behind me back in college, but nonetheless I knew him like I knew every one else for UP Mindanao was such a small community back in the late 90’s. Josh completed his high school education from SPED. The school offers classes to children with special abilities. It was when I met Josh in one of our club meetings that I started to have the interest on the communication processes that deaf and mute children employ to communicate with each other and to other people.)

My interest in non-verbal communication, particularly in the sign languages, started when I saw a group of SPED graduates in the UP Mindanao campus using the method. It was fun. That was how I appraised the activity. And although it was an exclusive communication technique for the group, my classmates and I fairly learned about it by observing and mimicking.

Later on, we became friends with them. Days would pass by and we spent our extra time, between classes and while waiting for the Annil bus to fetch us, learning sign languages.

I had no idea that what little learning i had of sign languages could be used when i would have my first job. I was a teacher in a play school then. After classes, I conducted tutorial services and I had this student who had symptoms of autism. For us to understand each other, we had to resort to making signs. It was difficult, yes, but the encounter with that girl of about 6 years old made me do a research on people who were differently abled yet became famous for a few things they had contributed to mankind. This research was, without intention, shared to the parents of Farhanah (for that was the girl's name) when I saw them one time waiting for their child outside the school.

A few good people whose disabilities did not hinder them to excel in their chosen path were the following:

THOMAS ALVA EDISON
He invented the electric light. It was not his only invention however. He also invented the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a few more important things. Born in Milan, Ohio, his mother directed his education but it was his natural curiosity on every little thing around him that led him to start experimenting, inventing, and developing mechanical things at a young age. Thomas was deaf and yet he did really well. He died at the age of 84 on October 18, 1931 in West Orange, New Jersey, leaving behind numerous inventions that were to improve the quality of life of the people that were born after him.

C.J. JONES
C.J. Jones was deafened when he caught spinal meningitis at seven years of age. His parents were both deaf though. He completed a degree on data processing from the National Technical Institute for the Deaf. However he never stayed too long in the profession he had first chosen for he eventually shifted to a career in theatre and film, only following an interest he already had during his youthful days. Even before college he already acted on and directed plays. Jones is considered a great deaf African-American actor whose career started in the seventies and the camera rolls for him even up to date.

KELBY BRICK
Kelby Brick is a deaf attorney. He has a deaf wife and they have two children. A brief look on his resume would tell that he is a leader of and prime mover for the welfare of the deaf. He is the director for Law and Advocacy of the National Association of the Deaf and was the former chair person of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing Consumer Action Network (DHHCAN). He was also formerly elected as board member of the Maryland Association of the Deaf.

These were a few of the many especially-abled people who have influenced our way of living today. There are a lot more of them who are still unrecognized. Sharing this personal research to the parents of Farhanah gave me that feeling of being able to assist them in the emotional stress that they had then.

Mar. 16th, 2006

observation report1

“Can Anyone Fix the Philippines?” This was the title of the cover story of Time Magazine in its May 1992 issue. A couple of years later, in February of 2001, Asiaweek released its issue with the cover story titled “A Second Chance: How to Fix the Philippines?” Today, years after the publication of these stories, we are still searching for the right solution to mend the country and bring forth medication to its wounded people.

The Filipino people have, over the years, displayed bravery and sustenance under whatever circumstance. Our history teachers should have educated us of the courage exhibited by our forefathers in their quest for freedom from the hands of the many conquerors who came to put us under their power. During the Martial rule when the entire Filipino population was subjected to the political, economic and psychological horror cast by our own blood, our people was able to mend the country by uniting each and everyone into one common goal, that is, to see itself free again of the bondage set by the late dictator.

That power shown by the people in the Edsa Revolution that led to the end of the Martial Law years was not something planned. It baffled the whole world to learn of the peaceful demonstration conducted all over the Philippines in an attempt to save what were left of the people’s rights, dignity, and life. Our own experience in fixing our country has been modeled by some other countries in their quest for the same.

In Edsa 1 we overthrew the late Ferdinand Marcos and mounted Corazon Aquino. In Edsa 2 we ousted Joseph Estrada and installed Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo to power. History has a way of repeating itself.

A few days back, GMA issued a declaration on State of Emergency after the arrest of several senior military officers allegedly involved in a coup plot to undermine her government. Under the constitution a state of emergency allows arrest without warrant and detention in the absence of charge. This also bans street demonstrations and an adjustment to media management

Like the government of Aquino, the government of the present administration is also threatened by enumerable coup attempts. Both lady presidents share the burden of taking over a torn nation- politically, economically, culturally, socially, and heaven knows how else.

Arroyo may be facing the same circumstances and problems that Aquino faced in the 80’s. However, one should not be moved by similarities alone. Behind these resemblances are differences that underlie the cold and distant disposition of both of them for each other.

While they were both installed in the highest position of the land by means of a people power display, the now 73-year old Corazon Aquino was not charged of vote rigging during the snap election that immediately followed after Marcos flew out of the country. This is a different story of Arroyo who is facing meticulous scrutiny by the opposition for her alleged “lapses in judgement” that is connected to her falsification of election results.

Aquino approached the end of her term without threat of being thrown out of power by the people. On the other hand, Arroyo is now threatened to leave the position by the same means that had her placed in the same position. While both of them had problems with the military, the political left and political right wings, the Filipino people never shouted for Aquino to step down. Arroyo is awaited by the people to step out of Malacañang, giving her the benefit of a graceful exit.

In crisis like this, we look to options that are far less evil. We look around and we see no one to take the lead. While people shout for Arroyo to step down, who is there capable of bringing out the nation into the light?

The question on who can fix the Philippines is still there. Whoever said that time is responsible for healing all wounds may prove to be mistaken for up until now, the Filipino people may still show the same enthusiasm as they did in Edsa 1 but the future is still bleak.

Mar. 14th, 2006

summary report

THE CRISIS IN MODERNITY: A Summary
(http://www.angelfire.com/wa2/buildingcathedrals/modernity.html)
(http://pmanzoor.info/lsl-Cris-mod-PM.htm)


The advent of modernity has brought many advantages for man. The age of reason, as the age of modernity is also known, has given man the advantage of knowing himself and the world in which he lives in. In addition, his idea of himself has made him understand not only his environment but also the society in which he is a member of.

Modernity is seen as “the sense or the idea that the present is discontinuous with the past, that through a process of social and cultural change, life in the present is fundamentally different from life in the past” (http://www.angelfire.com/wa2/buildingcathedrals/modernity.html).

This difference in the manner by which man carries on his existence in the age of modernity is a break away from tradition. Tradition, as defined, is the opposite of modernity. It is the sense of being in consonance with life in the past. With the traditional way of living, life follows a linear form of development, wherein it is believed that while some societies may develop in advance, those who lag behind have only to look into the pattern by which developed societies carry themselves and sure enough development is at hand.

In the traditional way of living, everything is a given. The ways of man’s forefathers are the ways by which he has to pattern his own existence. This is in direct contrast with the ways in the modern times for the modern man, equipped with the gift of knowledge, has more alternatives and he sees the ways of his forefathers as just one of those but not necessarily the best to follow.

The crisis of modernity is the sense that modernity is a state of neither here nor there. It is the sense that modernity is but a transitional state and that the way to attain the end is dependent on how the alternatives are being dealt with. The crisis arises from the idea that the alternatives are too many and that uncontrollable factors are in great number as well. Man’s knowledge, attained from years of study and innovation, has proven to lack the ability to give man the wisdom he needs to understand the many variables that affect his own self, his environment, his society, and his world.

Instead of man being able to unite himself with the rest of mankind, instead of him being able to bring peace in a world peopled with men from different social, political, psychological and emotional backgrounds and states, instead of man being able to think of ways to achieve the best form of government by which everyone could be equal and co-exist with each other, his acquired knowledge has brought him more misunderstanding of everything. This is so because while he has begun and nurtured his understanding of the world, the others have also accumulated whatever knowledge they could pick from around him. People’s different social backgrounds, the differences in the levels of understanding of certain issues, and the differences in his ways of thinking as shaped by the differences in context and time, have attributed to the problem that go with modernity.

In the age of modernity the proliferation of alternatives has led to more uncertainty rather than the construction of a universal reason. It is in the age of reason that the hopes of men from around the world to be one instead of being different from one another has been shattered and that the realization that the many segments of the world can never be integrated into one has sunk in, such that man has finally understood that there is no such reason to be deemed “reason for all times” and that there can never be “oneness” in this spider web of reasons- that contingent reasons are a reality.

Modernity could not claim to a coherent worldview as it was hoped. It could not be accounted for any principle that governs all groups of people. It could not provide for a governing theme to guide man’s existence. Modern reason, hailed to answer the confusions that confronted man, fails to make up for its promise of bringing about a perfect historical and social order so that the term “crisis in modernity” was coined.


rmri
march 13, 2006
10:12pm

March 2006

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